The organic fertilizer manufacturing process firstly needs to go through the rot process of chicken manure, and then add the appropriate biological functional bacteria agent to be processed into biological organic fertilizer.

一. Production process

1. Material preparation: main material: chicken manure and fertilizer thoroughly decomposed after one fermentation; functional fermentation fungus.

2. Site selection: select a leeward and flat terrain for operation.

二. Operation requirements

1. The size of the fermentation pile is: 0.8-1 meters high, 2.0 meters wide, unlimited length.

2. The water content of the fermentation reactor is 55-65%, and the moisture loss of the fermented fertilizer in one fermentation needs to be added.

3. The average temperature in the pile is lower than 55 degrees, fermentation for 7 days, if the temperature is too high, turn the pile or spread it evenly. The temperature drops to about 30 degrees, spread out, and dry naturally.

三. Specific operation

1. Fertilizer once fermented adjusts moisture to about 60%.

2. Add the bacteria uniformly and stir the fermented fertilizer at one time, pile up naturally, don’t use a shovel to pat it. In case of rain, cover with plastic film.

3. The use amount of the secondary fermentation functional bacterial agent is 5 ‰ (that is, the added amount per ton is 5 kg).

At this time, whether the organic chicken manure is completely rotted, whether it is made into powdered organic fertilizer with simple equipment or granulated with an organic fertilizer granulator machine, the finished product can be sold.

Different kinds of microorganisms are involved in the fermentation process of plant residues in the organic fertilizer manufacturing process. Due to the changes in the raw materials and fermentation conditions of different plant residues, the number of various microorganisms is also constantly changing, so no microorganisms always dominate the plant residue fermentation process, and each environment has its own specific microorganism population. The main types of microorganisms involved in the fermentation process of plant residues are bacteria,

1) Bacteria During the aerobic fermentation process, there are a large number of bacteria. With a large specific surface area, bacteria can quickly absorb soluble substances in plant residues, allowing them to grow rapidly. In the early stage of fermentation, the temperature is low, mainly mesophilic bacteria. As the temperature of the fermentation reactor increases, mesophilic bacteria gradually decrease, and some Bacillus become the main body of bacteria.

2) Actinomycetes Actinomycetes are multi-cell hyphae bacteria that can decompose cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, etc. They do not have the ability of fungi to decompose cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, but they are more resistant to high temperature and high pH than fungi. Therefore, they are the predominant flora degrading cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin during the high temperature period of fermentation.

3) Fungi. Fungi are of great significance to the fermentation and maturation of plant residues. The mesophilic fungus Geotrichum and the thermophilic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus are the dominant bacterial groups in the fermentation process. Temperature is one of the most important factors affecting the growth of fungi. Most fungi are mesophilic fungi, which exist in the environment of 5 ~ 37 ℃. When the temperature rises to 64 ℃, almost all fungi disappear. When the temperature drops to 60 ℃ in the late fermentation period, mesophilic and thermophilic fungi will appear again.

In short, in the fermentation process of plant residues mainly rely on the role of microorganisms, microorganisms are the main body of fermentation, its source is the natural world, the second is artificial inoculation. In the fermentation process, high temperature will kill pathogens, eggs and weed seeds in plant residues.

Current status of organic fertilizer manufacturing process abroad

The treatment of poultry manure in developed countries is usually towards industrialization, harmlessness, recycling, commercialization, compounding with large amounts of plant nutrients, crop specialization, multiple use and efficiency, simultaneous solid-liquid treatment, industrial technology,  biological treatment, and equal emphasis in the technology development. The development principle of livestock and poultry breeding is, first of all, beneficial to the use and treatment of manure. The breeding industry is mostly in the form of small and medium-sized individual farms, and the construction and design of livestock and poultry houses are conducive to the treatment of livestock and poultry manure and urine. To reduce the dilution of water to feces, which is beneficial to reduce the energy consumption in the process of manure water treatment. According to the water content of livestock and poultry manure, the treatment methods are mainly divided into dry manure removal and water flushing.

1. Dry cleaning method

(1) Compost. Use the scraping board and conveyor belt to store the feces in the empty mine site, and use them after piled. The United States and Russia use bedding grass or peat washer to transport the manure mixed with bedding to the compost yard at intervals, and use it after composting. This tradition also exists in the vast rural areas of our country. The advantage of this method is that the animal urine is absorbed by the litter, which avoids the loss of nutrients, but the loss rate of nitrogen volatilization through ammonia is relatively large, which can reach 30% to 50% of the total nitrogen. In order to avoid losses, the United States adopts high cages for raising chickens, accumulating chicken manure under the cages, covering them with straw or peat every day, and cleaning them every six months. In the United States, there is a compost production system called BIOTEC120, which was developed by Dr. Arrau after 20 years of research. It was awarded a US patent in June 1993 and was approved by the United Nations International Environmental Protection Organization. The system is composed of 10 large-scale rotating bioreactors. Through microbial fermentation, 1300 tons of feces or garbage can be processed into high-quality organic fertilizer within 72 hours. But the processing cost is expensive, and it has not been widely applied. If it can be fermented without rotation, the processing cost may be reduced.

(2) Biogas fermentation treatment. Through biogas fermentation, the odor of feces can be effectively removed. The biogas produced at the same time can be used for life and life.

Production, can achieve clean processing and renewable energy. Moreover, the biogas slurry after biogas fermentation can produce liquid fertilizer, and the biogas residue can also continue to ferment to produce organic fertilizer.

(3) Animal transformation. Through the conversion of earthworms and fly maggots into protein feed, the rest can continue to ferment to produce organic fertilizer, but this method of use is slow and the amount of processing is not much.

2. Water cleaning method

The water flushing dung is from the livestock and poultry pen. Many countries in Europe and the United States put the cleaned manure into the storage tank, and apply the liquid directly to the soil after anaerobic fermentation or biogas fermentation. The advantage is that the processing rate and utilization rate are high, but if it is transported to the field by car, the cost is not low. Even if there is a pipeline directly input into the field, it can only reduce the operating cost, and its initial investment is also high. Some countries also add some chemical fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, etc. to these fermented liquids to produce organic and inorganic multifunctional liquid compound fertilizers. In Japan, the solid-liquid separation method is mostly used. The separated manure is used as an organic fertilizer after rot, and the separated liquid part is used to remove the particulate part in the liquid with sand and soil filter bed, or the acidification pool method is used to promote the decomposition of organic matter. The developed countries have attached great importance to the odor of livestock and poultry manure. Most of them use physical adsorption and chemical substances to deodorize. The aeration fermentation method in Japan is very effective. After 20 h at 20-40 ℃, the odor can be all eliminate. South Korea adopts trough fermentation and oil pressure rotary agitation, which is a more advanced fecal fermentation technology in the world.

Some countries in Germany and Eastern Europe treat livestock and poultry manure water through pipelines into urban sewage treatment systems for unified treatment. In general, some advanced facilities have too high operating costs and are not widely used even in developed countries in Europe and the United States. They mainly combine traditional composting methods with artificially inserted microorganisms with strong fermentation capabilities. 

3. Treatment method of crop straw

The cropping system in Europe and the United States is different from that in China. Most of them are the annual cropping and fallow rotation system. During harvesting, a straw crusher is hung behind the combine harvester to directly return the crops to the field, or to implement no-tillage and mulch farmland. There are also farms that use straw silage or fermentation as feed to form animal manure and enter the manure fermentation process to produce an organic fertilizer system. In Europe and the United States, straw is rarely used directly to produce organic fertilizer industrially.

What are the common compost fermentation equipment and what is the specific role in the fermentation process

Composting process, also known as fermentation process, refers to the degradation and stabilization of organic waste under the proper water content, oxygen concentration and other conditions through the action of microorganisms, so as to achieve the purpose of killing parasitic eggs and harmful microorganisms, reducing volatile substances in waste, and at the same time making the organic matter loose for safe treatment and preservation. Because the materials processed by compost fermentation do not contain pathogenic bacteria and weed seeds, they are suitable for application in soil to improve soil conditions.

Composting fermentation process generally includes fermentation, composting, aeration and other links. The equipment used in these links varies with the type of compost. Stack-type composting is to agitate the material by riding the tipper on the stack, thus playing the role of aeration to achieve the purpose of fermentation. Therefore, the device configuration is relatively simple and the function is single. The tank type aerobic fermentation has a distribution system, a tipping system, an aeration system, etc. The equipment is relatively complete, including: distribution truck, organic fertilizer composter, mobile crane, an aeration system, etc. Let’s introduce the functions of these equipment in the fermentation process.

1、 Organic fertilizer composter. In order to meet the requirements of moisture, acidity and alkalinity in material fermentation, some microbial fermenters need to be added. The tipping machine can give full play to its mixing function, so that the mixing operation can achieve the purpose of uniform mixing, stirring and removing the bottom. It can also improve the permeability of raw materials, make the raw materials become fluffy and elastic, absorb a lot of air at the same time, and raise the temperature of the fertilizer pile. If the temperature is too high, it can also absorb fresh air, so that the temperature can be reduced again, In this way, the alternating state of medium and high temperature is formed, which is beneficial to the growth and reproduction of microorganisms.

2、 Cloth truck. The function of the distributor truck is to evenly distribute the materials in the fermentation tank, so that the forklift does not have to enter and leave the fermentation tank frequently, reduce the cost of raw material transfer, and improve the work efficiency.

3、 Move the vehicle. Each tank-type aerobic fermentation system is generally composed of 8-10 fermentation tanks. However, there is only one tipping machine. In order to save equipment investment, multiple fermentation tanks share one organic fertilizer composter. This requires that the tipping machine be switched between different fermentation tanks. The moving crane plays the role of moving the tipping machine and the distribution truck from one tank to another.

4、 Aeration system. The function of the aeration system is to ventilate and aerate the fermentation materials in the tank, so that the microorganisms in the materials can interact with oxygen, and then make the materials fully ferment to produce valuable humus. The fermentation days can be shortened by aeration.

It can be seen from the above introduction that the organic fertilizer tipping machine plays an important role in the whole compost fermentation process. It is necessary to buy a good tipping machine. The dumping effect is good and the efficiency is high. It also has the functions of mixing, crushing and displacement. It also organically combines the electro-hydraulic technology and has a high degree of automation. It realizes the functions of central remote control and one-button operation. According to the needs of users, it can also realize the real-time transmission of temperature, moisture, oxygen content, etc. in the pile.

The fertilizer manufacturing process of  bio-organic

(1) Preparation of microbial fermentation-based strain mixture

To produce bio-organic fertilizers, it is necessary to use bio-fermentation bases as strains. We use HM fermentation bases here. In order to bring more than 10 beneficial microorganisms such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria, potassium-resolving bacteria, phosphate-resolving bacteria, yeasts, actinomycetes, Bacillus megaterium, and Bacillus subtilis in HM fermentation base into contact with chicken manure more evenly A bag of 100 grams of HM fermentation base is divided into five equal parts, each 20 grams, in each HM fermentation base, add about 1-1.6 kg of wheat bran or soybean meal and other auxiliary materials, fully mixed evenly, we Call it a mixture of strains. In this way, about 200 kg of chicken manure can be fermented by each bacterial mixture.

(2) Two manufacturing methods:

The production of biological organic fertilizer for livestock and poultry manure can be divided into static processing and dynamic processing.

1. Technology of static processing and manufacturing of bio-organic fertilizer:

Static processing of bio-organic fertilizer is a self-made bio-organic fertilizer made by farmers in the field. It has a simple method, is easy to operate, has low investment, and is suitable for small professional farming households.

(1) Preparation of chicken manure and accessories

Choose an open space of about 30 square meters with flat ground, no water accumulation, and separate chicken manure and auxiliary materials.

In order to facilitate the mixture of strains and chicken manure to be evenly mixed, we divided 1000 kg of chicken manure into five equal parts. Each aliquot is about 200 kg.

Generally granular or powdered wheat bran, peanut shell powder, etc. as the main auxiliary materials, such as corn stalks, cotton stalks, etc. as auxiliary materials, they must first be cut into 5-10 cm length, too long will cause stirring inconvenient. The purpose of adding auxiliary materials is to adjust the water content and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of chicken manure and increase the permeability of the fermented material.

(2) Construction of fermentation platform

After the chicken manure and auxiliary materials are prepared, a fermentation platform should be built according to the environment and the actual situation of the farmers.

When building a fermentation platform, choose a place that is sunny, flat, high in terrain, avoids air vents, and is easy to operate. First dig a number of parallel ventilation trenches, trench width 30 cm, depth 30 cm, trench beam width 20 cm. Spread branches, bamboo strips, straws, etc. on the ditch beams to form a bottom-permeable fermentation platform, which is convenient for ventilation and oxygen supply. Because the beneficial organism flora in the HM fermentation base belongs to aerobic strains, the fermented product can only be rotted better when the oxygen is sufficient.

After the fermentation platform is built, we can proceed to the manufacture of statically processed bio-organic fertilizer.

(3) Operation steps

Spread a mixture of strains evenly on the prepared chicken manure and mix well. During the mixing process, the water content of the chicken manure should be adjusted to about 60%, that is, hold a handful of chicken manure in the hand, hold it tightly, and see the water between the fingers but not drip. Let go of your hand and spread it out with a light touch. Such a water content is enough. If the water content is too high, add wheat bran, corn stover and other auxiliary materials to reduce the water content of chicken manure; if the water content is too low, add fresh chicken manure or sprinkle some water. Stack the stirred chicken manure on the fermentation platform.

Treat the other four piles of chicken manure in the same way, all piled together. At this time, the height is about 1-1.2 meters, the length and width are 1.5-2 meters square, the volume of compost is generally 1.5 cubic meters.

(4) Management of fermentation process

During fermentation, temperature control is very important. If the temperature is too low, it cannot reach the standard of maturation; if the temperature is too high, the nutrients of compost are easily lost. The temperature inside the compost is within 30 cm from the outside to the inside. Therefore, the thermometer used to measure the temperature, its metal rod must be longer than 30 cm, when measuring, it must be inserted more than 30 cm in the compost in order to accurately reflect the fermentation temperature of the compost.

Requirements for fermentation temperature and time:

After composting, chicken manure enters the first fermentation stage. It will automatically heat up to above 55 ℃ for 5 to 7 days, then it can kill most of the parasite eggs and harmful bacteria, reaching the harmless treatment standard. Turn the pile once every 3 days or so, which is conducive to ventilation, heat dissipation and rot.

After 7-10 days of fermentation, the temperature naturally drops below 50 ° C. Since some strains lose their activity due to high temperature during the first fermentation process, the second fermentation is required. Add 5-8 kg of strain mixture again and mix well. At this time, the moisture is controlled at about 50%. If you grab a handful of chicken dung in your hand, hold it tightly, the palm is wet, and there is no water seeping between your fingers, indicating that the water is suitable.

The temperature of the second fermentation must be controlled below 50 ° C. After 10-20 days, the temperature in the compost has dropped below 40 ° C, which has reached the maturity standard.

(5) Matters needing attention in the fermentation process

In the process of manufacturing bio-organic fertilizer by static methods, attention should be paid to:

Covering the surface of the fermented material with a layer of finely crushed straw of about 10 cm or sprinkling a layer of superphosphate can reduce the evaporation of ammonia gas and avoid the loss of nutrients.

In case of strong wind during fermentation, the top should be covered with straw and other air-permeable materials to reduce the evaporation of water and the loss of temperature.

Livestock manure is stored for too long or there are more straws and weeds in the manure, and less manure. You can add some rapeseed meal, urea or fresh chicken manure to increase the nitrogen content, increase the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, and speed up the fermentation. Improve fertilizer quality.

The pH value of the compost should be controlled at 5.5-8.5. If the pH value of the compost is lower than 5.5, it is too acidic, and quick lime can be added for adjustment.

It should be avoided to produce bio-organic fertilizer in the open air during the rainy season as much as possible to avoid excessive moisture.

For example, during the process of composting, the moisture is too high and the permeability is poor, you can insert a few straws in the middle of the fermentation pile to help ventilation.

When the color of the bio-organic fertilizer becomes dark brown or yellow-brown, the surface of the organic fertilizer inside the compost has a lot of white hyphae, no raw chicken manure, no maggots, no odor, and a slight ammonia smell. The bio-organic fertilizer manufactured in a static manner has reached the maturity standard. It can be used as base fertilizer or top dressing directly in the field.

The above introduces the method of using small-scale static processing of chicken manure to produce bio-organic fertilizer. Farmers can arrange production according to local conditions according to different manure sources, site size and fertilizer demand.

It is feasible to build an organic fertilizer equipment plant, because the policy of “replacing fertilizer with organic fertilizer” has been implemented nationwide, and the application of organic fertilizer is gradually increasing. Many investors want to seize this opportunity and invest in building organic fertilizer plants. To build an organic fertilizer plant, it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive planning, clearly understand what is required to build an organic fertilizer processing plant, so as to successfully run the plant and deal with the problems in subsequent production. What are the requirements for building an organic fertilizer processing plant?

The location of the organic fertilizer equipment plant is very important and has a long-term impact. According to relevant regulations, the construction of organic fertilizer plants should be far away from residential areas, because odor and dust will be generated during production. If it is too close to the residential areas or is often located in the upper area, over time, it will directly affect the health of nearby residents, affect the normal production of the plant, and may also lead to failure to pass the environmental assessment.

Organic fertilizer equipment processing plant should be close to the origin of main raw materials. Not more than 50 kilometers, close to the origin of main raw materials can reduce costs. The raw material of organic fertilizer is large in volume and weight, which is not convenient for transportation. If the distance is too far, the transportation cost will increase, the cost will increase, and the price of organic fertilizer will also increase, which will reduce their market competitiveness.

Planned production scale of the organic fertilizer equipment factory: Before the establishment of the factory, it is necessary to plan the annual processing capacity of the organic fertilizer processing factory, whether the annual output is 3-5 tons or 5-10 million tons. The annual output determines the type of equipment to be purchased for the organic fertilizer production line. The annual output is between 10000 tons and 50000 tons. Buy small organic fertilizer production line equipment. The organic fertilizer output of 5-10 million tons is suitable for buying medium and large organic fertilizer production line equipment. The total price of each model is different, so the production volume should be planned in advance and the capital budget should be prepared to facilitate the later operation and turnover.

Purchase of organic fertilizer equipment and processing of fertilizer production line equipment: There are many kinds of fertilizer in the market: granular organic fertilizer, powdered organic fertilizer, etc. It is recommended to purchase a complete set of organic fertilizer processing equipment, which can produce both granular organic fertilizer and powdered organic manure, which can meet different purchasing needs.